Limonene is a natural cleaning solvent made from the oil in orange and lemon peels. It belongs to a group of compounds called terpenes, which occur in many plants. Limonene is widely used in laboratories, workshops, and households because it can remove oils, wax, and grease without the harshness of synthetic solvents.
It is renewable, biodegradable, and low in toxicity. The citrus scent makes it more pleasant to work with than products like White Spirit or Industrial Methylated Spirit. For people who want a more sustainable option, limonene is an effective choice that still performs well.
Key Characteristics
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Formula: D-Limonene (C₁₀H₁₆)
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Source: Extracted from orange and citrus peel oil, often as a by-product of juice production
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Appearance: Clear, colourless liquid with a citrus smell
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Solubility: Insoluble in water, mixes well with alcohol and many organic solvents
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Environmental Profile: Biodegradable and from renewable plant sources
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Flash Point: About 48 °C
Specific Uses
1. Degreasing and Equipment Cleaning
Limonene removes oil and tar from tools, machinery, and glassware. It can be used on its own or diluted. Many workshops use it instead of chlorinated or petroleum-based degreasers because it is safer and gives off fewer fumes.
2. Adhesive and Label Removal
It helps loosen sticky residues from labels, tape, and glue. When applied with a cloth, it lifts adhesives from glass, plastic, and metal surfaces without damage. It is a good option where stronger solvents like acetone would be too harsh.
3. Household and Automotive Cleaning
Limonene is often used in cleaning sprays and degreasers for kitchens and cars. It can remove oil and dirt from cookers, hoods, wheels, and engines. It works well in diluted form and has a natural fragrance rather than a chemical one.
4. Laboratory and Workshop Solvent
In labs, limonene can clean resin and polymer build-up from equipment and glassware. It can also be used as a solvent in certain organic extractions. It is often preferred when low odour and user safety are important.
5. Eco-Formulations and Manufacturing
Because it comes from renewable plant oil and breaks down easily in the environment, limonene is used in eco-friendly products such as paints, coatings, inks, and cleaners. It is also found in small amounts in some soaps and waxes.
Environmental and Safety Information
Limonene is classed as low-toxicity and breaks down naturally. It has a smaller environmental impact than many other solvents and does not contribute to ozone depletion.
It should still be used carefully. Concentrated limonene can cause mild skin irritation, and it can oxidise over time if exposed to air and light. Users should wear gloves and work in a ventilated area. Waste should be collected and disposed of correctly.
Store limonene in a cool, dry area away from direct sunlight or ignition sources. It is flammable at higher temperatures and should be treated like any other solvent.
Compared with Other Solvents
